What is the difference between for and while loop?

Syntax of for loop:

for(initialization; condition; iteration)
{
  // body of the loop
}

The initialization is an assignment statement that is used to set the loop control variable. The condition is a relational expression that determines when the loop exits. The increment defines how the loop control variable changes each time the loop is repeated. The body of loop can either be empty or a single statement or a block of statements.

The

for(initialization; condition; iteration)
{
  // body of the loop
}

is equivalent to

initialization;
while(condition)
{
  // body of the loop
iteration;
}

Syntax of while loop:

while(condition)
{
  // body of the loop
}

The condition may be any expression, and true is any non-zero value. The loop iterates while the condition is true. When the condition becomes false, program control passes to the line of code immediately following the loop.

Pragmatic use of for loop: the for is preferable when there is a simple initialization and increment; since it keeps the loop control statements close together and visible at the top of the loop. This is most obvious in
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
  ...
}
which is most often seen while processing array elements.

Pragmatic use of while loop: on the other hand while is preferable when the initialization is not just a simple assignment operation and so like increment.
For example, in
while ((c = getchar()) == ' ' || c == '\n' || c = '\t');
/* skip white space characters */
there is no initialization or re-initialization, so the while is most natural.